Significant Steel contamination in groundwater is a major problem in Pakistan, and reports have noted the presence of heavy metals for instance direct, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in many samples above the permissible limits set from the WHO [161,175]. The resources of heavy steel contamination are different, such as industrial https://gablecarton.business.blog/2025/02/07/gable-top-carton-a-versatile-and-sustainable-packaging-option/